Vydáno dne 14.02.2019
Co znamená užitečné anglické slovíčko EVEN a kde všude se dá
použít.
Dnes si řekneme něco o velice užitečném slovíčku even
Následovat za ním může podstatné jméno, zájmeno, nebo předložka:
Everyone came to the party, even Peter.
The shop is open every day, even on Sundays.
Anyone can do it, even you.
Even Jason came, which was surprising.
Běžné je také použití se slovesem:
Jack thanked her. He even sent her flowers.
It's great. I can even put it in a dishwasher.
My new assistant can even write in shorthand.
Her father even danced at the wedding, which he never does.
Setkáte se s ním i v záporných větách:
I wouldn't go there. I'm not even sure if we should call them.
I can't see anything, even with glasses.
They never close the shop. Not even on Sundays.
It was inedible. Even our dog didn't eat it.
Don't talk about him. Don't even mention his name.
Even now that I'm 30 I still can't swim.
Even now she can't forgive him, let alone back then.
He didn't want to talk to anyone, not even his friends.
He didn't even want to talk to his friends.
Tim doesn't know her. He doesn't even know her name.
My parents didn't even bother to come.
I don't even know who she is.
Před přídavným jménem v druhém stupni má pak význam ‘ještě’.
It was a nice party, but he wanted even more people to come.
He became even more popular after his second record.
You could try even harder.
This will make your job even easier.
It was even better than we expected.
Next week it will be even hotter. Well, it's summer, isn't it?
I know even less about the matter than you do.
Lze ho použít jako doplnění spojky pro její zdůraznění. Nikdy ale jako spojka nestojí samostatně.
She won't come, even if you invite her in person.
We will go, even if the weather is bad.
Even if I knew the answer, I wouldn't tell you.
Spojovací výraz even
though
We went for a walk even though it was raining.
Even though I'm 30, I still can't swim.
I still get their newsletter, even though I unsubscribed long ago.
She married him, even though he is 30 years older than her.
Pozn.: O podobných přípustkových větách se dočtete v článku Přípustkové věty (1).
Even when v podstatě není klasická spojovací vazba nebo spojka. Jde opět jen o zdůraznění samotné spojky when. Studenti zde často chybují (viz rámeček níže).
Ukážeme si to na příkladu. Všimněte si posunutí příslovce even před spojku when ve druhé větě:
The search engine even works when you aren't signed in.
The search engine works even when you aren't signed in.
I am tired even when I sleep for eight hours.
He always works, even when he is at home.
Even when she is very tired, she always cooks a nice dinner.
Pozn.: Even when není podmínková spojka, ale zdůraznění časové spojky.
even if / even though / even when = i když
Jak jste si možná všimli, všechny tyto vazby mají mimo jiné význam ‘i když’. Nejedná se však o synonyma. Studenti v těchto spojeních často chybují, proto si uděláme malý přehled:
Pamatujte si, že samotné even není spojka!
She wouldn't come even you invited her
in person.
She wouldn't come even if you invited her
in person.
We went for a walk even it was
raining.
We went for a walk even though it was
raining.
I am tired even I sleep for eight
hours.
I am tired even when I sleep for
eight hours.
Zatím jsme si zmínili pouze význam slovíčka even, pokud jde o příslovce. Even však může být také přídavné jméno nebo sloveso. Proto si k těmto významům také okrajově něco řekneme.
even = rovný, rovnoměrný,
plochý (opak uneven)
even = rovnoměrný, stálý,
stejný, vyrovnaný
even = sudý
even numbers *40 : 2,4,6,8 …
odd numbers *41 : 1,3,5,7 …
Both teams have an even chance of winning the match.
The floor isn't completely even.
You should build it on an even surface.
The match was very even.
At the end of the match the score was even.
even = vyrovnat, srovnat
(např. skóre)
even out = vyrovnat, srovnat,
zrovnoměrnit (rozdíly)
even up = vyrovnat, srovnat
Jack evened the score again.
Even the surface out with a plane.
Harris scored and evened the match up to 4–4 in the last minute.
even vs. event
Jako poslední zmíníme ještě jedno slovíčko, které je našemu even velice podobné, ale podobnost je čistě náhodná. Jedná o podstatné jméno event (událost).
Tato dvě slovíčka mají naprosto odlišný význam a hlavně výslovnost, ve které chybují i velmi pokročilí studenti.
Více v tomto článku.