Vydáno dne 14.08.2024
Znáte slovní zásobu z oblasti odpadků a popelnic?
Dnes se zaměříme na možná trochu zvláštní slovní zásobu, ale i toto patří k životu a mnoho slovíček můžete využít při každodenní konverzaci. Řeč bude o odpadcích a popelnicích.

Začneme obecným slovem odpadky, odpad,
pro které se používá slovo rubbish
Have you taken out the rubbish?
The park was covered in rubbish after the festival.
The council has introduced new rules for recycling and separating rubbish.
V americké angličtině používají pro odpadky slova
garbage
After the party, the kitchen was overflowing with garbage.
He had to dig through the garbage to find the receipt he accidentally threw away.
Don't forget to take out the trash before you leave for work.
I can't believe how much trash accumulates in the car over a week.
Tato slovíčka lze použít i přeneseně pro nesmysly, kecy, blbosti, brak nebo prostě nekvalitní věci.
She said his idea was complete rubbish
and refused to consider it.
The movie was absolute rubbish.
I wouldn't recommend it to anyone.
I can't believe he said that! What a load of
garbage!
He refused to eat at that restaurant again, saying the
food was trash.
Formálnější výraz pro odpadky, nebo spíše
odpad, je waste
The factory is working on reducing the amount of waste it produces.
The company was fined for improperly disposing of hazardous waste.
She always tries to minimize waste by reusing and recycling as much as possible.
They installed compost bins to deal with organic waste from the kitchen.
The environmental group is raising awareness about the dangers of plastic waste in the oceans.
Značně formální je pak slovo refuse
The city collects household refuse twice a week.
He was fined for illegally dumping refuse in a public park.
They sorted the refuse into different bins for recycling, composting, and landfill.
The refuse left behind after the music festival was cleaned up by volunteers.
Pozn.: Slovíčko refuse
Trochu jiný druh odpadků popisuje nepočitatelné podstatné jméno
litter
The only thing that spoiled the beautiful scenery was the litter that was lying around.
If you drop litter, you will be fined.
I didn't like the town. People were unfriendly and the streets were full of litter.
Slovo litter
The place was littered with bottles and cans after the party.
I always say that people who litter are lazy. Even if there isn't a bin, you can take the bottles, cans or wrappers with you.
Zmínit můžeme i slovo junk
The room was full of useless junk.
What is it? Do you want to keep it? – No, it's junk. Throw it away.

Odpadky vhazujeme do odpadkového koše a ten pak vysypeme do popelnice. Zde
se opět trochu rozchází britská a americká angličtina. V britské
angličtině používají pro odpadkový koš obecně
slovíčko bin
Could you please throw this empty bottle in the bin?
I always keep a small bin under my desk for paper scraps.
He searched through the bin to find his missing keys.
Pozn.: Slovo bin ale může také popisovat jakoukoli nádobu, bednu (na uskladňování věcí).
Slovíčko bin
I decided to bin all the old magazines cluttering up the living room.
Instead of fixing the broken chair, they just binned it.
Setkat se můžete i s delšími výrazy rubbish bin
We need to get a bigger rubbish bin for the office. This one fills up too quickly.
She dropped the used tissues into the waste bin.
Please make sure all the plastic bottles go in the recycling bin, not the waste bin.
Pozn.: Do odpadkového koše dáváme sáček, v angličtině bin bag nebo bin liner.
Pokud se jedná o odpadkový koš bez víka, určený
hlavně do kanceláře, můžete vidět v britské angličtině i slovo
wastepaper
basket
She crumpled up the letter and tossed it into the wastepaper basket.
I found my missing earring in the wastepaper basket by accident.
Pozn.: Takový kancelářský koš bez víka může být z plastu, ale taky může vypadat jako drátěný koš, proto slovo basket, který v základním významu znamená koš.
Pro popelnici mají v britské angličtině výraz
dustbin
I noticed that someone had knocked over the dustbin, and rubbish was everywhere.
He lifted the lid of the dustbin and quickly closed it, holding his nose.
Please remember to take out the dustbin when you leave for work.
A jak je to v americké angličtině? Tam obecně nerozlišují
odpadkový koš (který máte doma) od
popelnice (kterou máte před domem). Nejčastěji se tam
setkáte s výrazy trash
can
The smell from the garbage can was so bad that we had to take it out immediately.
The wind blew over the trash can, and the contents scattered everywhere.
V americké angličtině ale můžete vidět i slovo wastebasket
He tossed the empty soda can into the wastebasket.
I accidentally dropped my pen into the wastebasket and had to fish it out.
Vrátit se ještě můžeme k americkému výrazu trash. Velmi často se totiž používá the trash ve spojení s odpadkovým košem či popelnicí. České “vyhodit to do koše” pak prostě přeložíme jako throw it in the trash (tedy vyhodit to do odpadků). České “v popelnici, v koši” pak lze přeložit jako in the trash.
She threw all the old magazines into the trash.
She found an old chair in the trash and decided to refurbish it.
After the move, we had a lot of broken items that we just had to throw in the trash.
He couldn't believe she had thrown his favorite book in the trash by mistake.

Jak jsme si již řekli, v britské angličtině používají pro odpadkový koš obecně slovo bin, případně rubbish bin nebo waste bin. Tyto výrazy mohou popisovat jak odpadkový koš doma, tak na ulici, v parku apod.
The park has plenty of rubbish bins, so there's no excuse to litter.
He kicked the rubbish bin in frustration when he missed the bus.
I saw someone leave their coffee cup on the bench instead of using the waste bin.
Pro odpadkový koš na ulici mohou Britové použít také slovo
litter bin
I saw someone drop their coffee cup right next to the litter bin instead of inside it.
The litter basket by the park bench was nearly full, but he managed to squeeze the bottle in.
V americké angličtině opět nerozlišují koš od popelnice, proto zde uslyšíte nejčastěji trash can nebo garbage can.
The park had garbage cans every few meters, but people still littered.
She tossed the ice cream wrapper into the trash can before heading to the bus stop.
Americké angličtině ovšem není úplně cizí ani slovo bin
My neighbor always forgets to bring in his garbage
bins after collection day.
The trash bin in the bathroom needs to be
emptied, it's overflowing.

Zmínit je třeba i kontejner na velkoobjemový odpad. Nabízí se jistě
slovíčko container
Ovšem toto slovo nepopisuje kontejner na ulici, kam odkládáte objemný
odpad. Pro ten se používá v britské angličtině slovo skip
The construction site ordered a skip to collect the rubble.
The skip outside the building was overflowing with trash.
The Dumpster behind the restaurant is full of empty boxes.
We rented a Dumpster to clear out the garage over the weekend.
Pozn.: Velké D u slova Dumpster vysvětlujeme v článku Obchodní značky v angličtině.

Pro smetiště či skládku v angličtině používají slovíčko
dump
After cleaning out the garage, we took a truckload of junk to the dump.
The company was fined for illegally using a field as a dump for toxic waste.
He found an old bike at the dump and decided to fix it up.
Pozn.: Slovíčko dump se používá i ve významu pohodit, odhodit nebo dokonce hovorově dát někomu kopačky.
V britské angličtině používají také delší rubbish dump, v americké pak garbage dump.
The smell from the rubbish dump was unbearable, even from a distance.
The city announced plans to convert the old garbage dump into a public park.
Dále máme slovíčko landfill
The new landfill is designed to handle waste more efficiently and reduce environmental impact.
They live near a landfill, so they often deal with unpleasant odours and noise.
Formálně se také můžete setkat s výrazem waste disposal site, což je skládka, nebo místo určené k likvidaci odpadu.

Dnešní článek uzavřeme překladem slovíčka popelář,
což je v britské angličtině dustman
Many dustmen work in challenging conditions, especially during extreme weather.
The children were excited to see the garbage men and their truck in the street.
The city hired additional garbage collectors to manage the increased waste during the festival.
The refuse collectors went on strike, leaving the streets filled with trash.
K popelářům patří bezesporu popelářský vůz, což
je v britské angličtině dustcart
The dustcart comes around every Thursday morning, so make sure you put the bins out the night before.
The noise of the rubbish truck woke me up earlier than usual today.
There was a small queue of cars behind the bin lorry, waiting for it to move out of the way.
V americké angličtině uslyšíte většinou spojení garbage truck
The garbage truck rumbled down the street early this morning, waking up half the neighborhood.
I had to run out in my pajamas because I forgot to put the trash out before the garbage truck came.